The relatively dry mix is consolidated by force and develops strength similar to normal concrete. Single or multiple layers can be applied to obtain the desired thickness of concrete. The placing process and amount of rebound material can be refined and controlled by the operator or nozzleman who can vary the amount of compressed air and water at the nozzle prior to the material hitting the surface.

The nature of the process allows for fast placing rates and is ideally suited for complex forms and shapes in confined or challenging conditions. The basic concrete mix is cement rich and usually contains 10mm aggregate and sand. The shotcrete’s performance and properties can be further enhanced by the addition of fibres, accelerators and colours to the basic mix.